超声动载荷下三维随机骨料混凝土的损伤

混凝土是一种由粗骨料与水泥砂浆组成的非均质复合材料。本研究利用APDL语言程序编写三维水泥混凝土骨料随机投放程序并导入ABAQUS中,同时赋予各相材料塑性损伤本构关系来研究混凝土动态加载下的破坏规律,运用超声波在混凝土破碎中的作用机理对混凝土动态损伤破坏过程进行模拟研究。结果表明:随着超声动态载荷的增大,粗骨料体积分数为40%的混凝土始终能够承受最大应力载荷;随着超声应力波幅值增大,混凝土在动载荷下的损伤值逐渐增大,且粗骨料体积分数为40%时,其抗损伤能力最优;当粗骨料最大粒径逐渐增大,或者当粗骨料最小粒径增大,混凝土级配不合理导致性能不稳定,更易损伤破坏。     

质子辐照硼硅酸盐玻璃盖片的物理效应分析

作为航天器电源系统的重要组成部分,太阳电池需要更高的转换效率和可靠性以及更长的使用寿命。通过在太阳电池表面覆盖抗辐照玻璃盖片,可以增强太阳电池对粒子辐射的防护,延长太阳电池的服役寿命,使航天器获得可靠的能源供应。硼硅酸盐玻璃就是一种理想的太阳电池玻璃盖片材料。采用蒙特卡罗方法,结合SRIM软件模拟研究质子辐照硼硅酸盐玻璃的损伤物理机理。基于粒子与物质相互作用的理论以及基本公式,通过分析不同入射能量的质子在硼硅酸盐玻璃中的阻止本领、电离能损、位移能损、空位的产生情况,对辐照损伤的物理机制进行研究。结果表明:能量为30~120 keV的质子辐照损伤主要发生在硼硅酸盐玻璃表面;质子沉积、空位分布等均为Bragg峰型分布;电离能损是能量损失的主要部分,随入射能量的增加而增大,导致电子的电离和激发;位移能损在玻璃内部随能量降低而增大,导致硼、氧和硅等空位缺陷的产生;电离效应和缺陷的产生是硼硅酸盐玻璃色心形成的重要原因。     

Mechanical effects of acupuncture

Acupuncture, a physiotherapy, has been widely accepted all around the world. This study focuses on the influence of membrane structures and explains the acupuncture sensations from the aspect of mechanical properties. By mathematical modeling and numerical simulation, the scientific meaning of the acupuncture depth is investigated and phenomena and theory of acupuncture are discussed. The simulation results show that (a) the fascial structure is the main contributor to the force on the needle, the axial force will gradually increase before piercing the fascial, and suddenly decrease after piercing the fascial; (b) there is an inverse relationship between the needle radius and the maximum radial stress, which indicates that the needle should not be too sharp to cause local stress concentration and piece the fascia layer; and (c) the simulation results of comprehensively considering the static friction and sliding friction is identical with the experiment results. This study proposes a preliminary study of mechanical effects of acupuncture manipulation, clarifies key factors affecting the stress on the needle, and explains the objective requirement of acupuncture depth to effective treatment.     

The oak (Quercus brantii) acorn as a growth promotor for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): growth performance,body composition,liver enzymes activity and blood biochemical parameters

Abstract

Medicinal plants play an important role in aquaculture as feed additives. This study aimed to investigate effects of alcoholic extract of acorn on growth performance, body composition, digestive enzymes activity and blood biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (O. mykiss) as a commercially important fish. Five dietary treatments were supplemented: 100, 200, 400 and 600?mg.kg^?1 of the extract. Fishes were fed twice per day for 8?weeks, and results showed that acorn extract positively affected all investigated parameters in rainbow trout fishes. Digestive enzymes activity and growth performance were increased, while activity of liver enzymes and cortisol were lowed in comparison to control individuals. Body composition of treated animals was also enhanced. Comparison between treated groups together with integrative biomarker response (IBR) values indicated greatest effects in animals fed with 400 and 600?mg.kg^?1 of the extract. Positive effects of the acorn represent promising start point for further studies.     

Fluorine in Small Molecules: Fluoromethyl Azide and Chalcogenocyanates

Fluoromethylating agents are a highly studied and controversely discussed class of compounds. New fluoromethyl pseudohalides FCH₂N₃, FCH₂SCN, and FCH₂SeCN were prepared for the first time and their physical and spectroscopic properties investigated. Their synthesis is performed conveniently by fluoromethylation of the respective silver or potassium pseudohalogenides with fluoroiodomethane.     

Application of titanium nanoparticles containing natural compounds in cutaneous wound healing

The aim of the study was the rapid green synthesis of titanium nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of Falcaria vulgaris leaves (TiNPs@FV) and exploring their antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antifungal, antibacterial, and cutaneous wound healing activities under in vitro and in vivo condition. These nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis, Fourier transform-infrared(FT-IR), X-ray diffraction XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy TEM) analyses. The synthesized TiNPs@FV had great cell viability on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and indicted this method was nontoxic. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) test revealed similar antioxidant potentials for F. vulgaris, TiNPs@FV, and butylated hydroxytoluene. All data of antibacterial, antifungal, and cutaneous wound healing tests were analyzed by SPSS 22 software. In the antimicrobial part of this study, TiNPs@FV indicated higher antifungal and antibacterial effects than all standard antibiotics (p ≤ 0.01). Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration of TiNPs@FV against all fungi were at 2–4 mg/mL and 2-8 mg/mL ranges, respectively. But, MIC and minimal bactericidal concentration of TiNPs@FV against all bacteria were at 2-8 mg/mL and 2-16 mg/mL ranges, respectively. In the part of cutaneous wound healing, use of TiNPs@FV ointment significantly (p ≤ 0.01) raised the wound contracture, vessel, hydroxyl proline, hexuronic acid, hexosamine, fibrocyte, and fibrocytes/fibroblast rate and significantly (p ≤ 0.01) decreased the wound area, total cells, neutrophil, and lymphocyte compared to other groups in rats. The results of FT-IR, UV-Vis, XRD, TEM, and FE-SEM confirm that the aqueous extract of F. vulgaris leaves can be used to yield titanium nanoparticles with a notable amount of remedial effects.     

Real-Space Interpretation of Interatomic Charge Transfer and Electron Exchange Effects by Combining Static and Kinetic Potentials and Associated Vector Fields**

Intricate behaviour of one-electron potentials from the Euler equation for electron density and corresponding gradient force fields in crystals was studied. Channels of locally enhanced kinetic potential and corresponding saddle Lagrange points were found between chemically bonded atoms. Superposition of electrostatic and kinetic potentials and electron density allowed partitioning any molecules and crystals into atomic - and potential-based -basins; -basins explicitly account for the electron exchange effect, which is missed for -ones. Phenomena of interatomic charge transfer and related electron exchange were explained in terms of space gaps between zero-flux surfaces of - and -basins. The gap between - and -basins represents the charge transfer, while the gap between - and -basins is a real-space manifestation of sharing the transferred electrons caused by the static exchange and kinetic effects as a response against the electron transfer. The regularity describing relative positions of -, -, and - basin boundaries between interacting atoms was proposed. The position of -boundary between - and -ones within an electron occupier atom determines the extent of transferred electron sharing. The stronger an H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bond is, the deeper hydrogen atom's -basin penetrates oxygen atom's -basin, while for covalent bonds a -boundary closely approaches a -one indicating almost complete sharing of the transferred electrons. In the case of ionic bonds, the same region corresponds to electron pairing within the -basin of an electron occupier atom.     

Integrating Rigidity Analysis into the Exploration of Protein Conformational Pathways Using RRT* and MC

To understand how proteins function on a cellular level, it is of paramount importance to understand their structures and dynamics, including the conformational changes they undergo to carry out their function. For the aforementioned reasons, the study of large conformational changes in proteins has been an interest to researchers for years. However, since some proteins experience rapid and transient conformational changes, it is hard to experimentally capture the intermediate structures. Additionally, computational brute force methods are computationally intractable, which makes it impossible to find these pathways which require a search in a high-dimensional, complex space. In our previous work, we implemented a hybrid algorithm that combines Monte-Carlo (MC) sampling and RRT*, a version of the Rapidly Exploring Random Trees (RRT) robotics-based method, to make the conformational exploration more accurate and efficient, and produce smooth conformational pathways. In this work, we integrated the rigidity analysis of proteins into our algorithm to guide the search to explore flexible regions. We demonstrate that rigidity analysis dramatically reduces the run time and accelerates convergence.     

Influence of temperature and alloying elements on the threshold displacement energies in concentrated Ni–Fe–Cr alloys

Concentrated solid-solution alloys(CSAs) have demonstrated promising irradiation resistance depending on their compositions. Under irradiation, various defects can be produced. One of the most important parameters characterizing the defect production and the resulting defect number is the threshold displacement energies(E_d). In this work, we report the results of E_dvalues in a series of Ni–Fe–Cr concentrated solid solution alloys through molecular dynamics(MD)simulations. Based on several different empirical potentials, we show that the differences in the E_dvalues and its angular dependence are mainly due to the stiffness of the potential in the intermediate regime. The influences of different alloying elements and temperatures on E_dvalues in different CSAs are further evaluated by calculating the defect production probabilities. Our results suggest a limited influence of alloying elements and temperature on E_dvalues in concentrated alloys. Finally, we discuss the relationship between the primary damage and E_dvalues in different alloys. Overall, this work presents a thorough study on the E_dvalues in concentrated alloys, including the influence of empirical potentials,their angular dependence, temperature dependence, and effects on primary defect production.